Java vs. JavaScript: Core Differences

Java and JavaScript are two of the most widely-used programming languages, each with its unique features and applications. Java, known for its portability and performance, is a powerful language used in large-scale enterprise environments and Android development. On the other hand, JavaScript is mainly applied in web development, enabling dynamic and interactive user experiences. This article introduces you to Java vs. JavaScript differences and highlight their features to compare and decide which best fits your programming goals.

What's Java?

Java is a widely used programming language, with about 35% of developers worldwide using it. It's for all-round use, meaning you can create different types of applications that work on different devices and platforms. When you write a Java program, you're giving instructions to the computer in a language that all computers can understand, like a universal language.

Popular applications like the original Minecraft game, Eclipse (a popular tool for programmers), and most Android apps are all built using Java. Major companies like Netflix, Uber, and Airbnb also rely on Java for their backend systems. Your everyday devices such as smart TVs and Blu-ray players use Java too.

Features of Java

Java is a great language worth learning because it has many features that make creating all kinds of programs easier and more efficient.

• Platform Independence: Java's "write once, run anywhere" capability is powered by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), allowing code to be executed on any platform without modification.
• Object-Oriented Programming: Java supports OOP concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction, making it modular, flexible, and easier to maintain.
• Robust and Secure: Java provides strong memory management, exception handling, and a rich set of APIs to ensure robust applications. It also includes security features like bytecode verification and sandboxing.
• Multithreading: Java supports multithreaded programming, allowing concurrent execution of two or more threads for maximum CPU utilization.

What's JavaScript?

JavaScript is a type of scripting language designed mainly to make web pages interactive. It was created by Netscape in the mid-1990s and works on all modern web browsers. Unlike Java, which needs to be compiled before running, JavaScript is interpreted directly by the browser without any extra steps needed.

You can use JavaScript for a variety of web designs and functions, some popular uses of JavaScript include:

Adding dynamic features to web pages, like drop-down menus, image sliders, and pop-ups.

• Building Single-Page Applications (SPAs) with frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue.js for smooth user experiences without page reloads.
• Server-side scripting with Node.js, enabling developers to create entire web applications using one language.
• Developed mobile apps for iOS and Android using technologies like React Native and NativeScript.
• Creating simple browser-based games using HTML5 canvas and JavaScript game libraries.